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PENGARUH POSISI TANGAN PENOLONG TERHADAP KEJADIAN RUPTUR PERENIUM SPONTAN PADA PERSALINAN KALA II

Ruptur perineum merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya perdarahan. Ruptur
perineum adalah robeknya perineum (daerah antara vulva dan anus) pada saat janin lahir
(Saifudin, 2009). Salah satu penyebab terjadinya ruptur perineum adalah karena perineum
tidak kuat menahan regangan pada saat janin lewat (Siswosudarmo dan Emilia, 2008).
Laserasi pada vagina dan perineum dapat terjadi saat kepala dan bahu dilahirkan. Kejadian
laserasi akan meningkat jika bayi dilahirkan terlalu cepat dan tidak terkendali (JNPK-KR,
2008).
Berdasarkan SDKI 2012, rata-rata Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) tercatat mencapai 359
per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Rata-rata kematian ini jauh melonjak dibanding hasil SDKI
2007 yang mencapai 228 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (Ayu, 2013). Sedangkan target
Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2014 AKI sebanyak 118 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup dan
AKB sebanyak 24 per 1000 kelahiran hidup (DepKes RI, 2011). Perdarahan postpartum
menjadi penyebab utama 40% kematian ibu di Indonesia. Penyebab perdarahan utama adalah
atonia uteri sedangkan ruptur perineum merupakan penyebab kedua yang hampir terjadi pada
setiap persalinan pervaginam. Lapisan mukosa dan kulit perineum pada seorang ibu
primipara mudah terjadi robekan yang bisa menimbulkan perdarahan pervaginam
(Wiknjosastro, 2006). Perdarahan yang banyak dapat terjadi karena ruptur perineum yang
dialami selama proses melahirkan baik yang normal maupun dengan tindakan (Oxorn, 2003).
Berdasarkan hasil observasi pada beberapa klinik bersalin dari 50 ibu bersalin 60%
diantaranya terjadi robekan perenium sponta, hal ini dikarenakan penlong dalam melakukan
persiapan pengeluran bayi tidak sesuai dengan teknik APN sehingga resiko akan terjadinya
robekan perenium lebih besar.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh posisi tangan penolong
terhadap kejadian ruptur perenium spontan pada persalinan kala II. Metode penelitian yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dimana penelitian dilakukan tanpa
melakukan intervensi terhadap subyek penelitian. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh bidan
yang melakukan pertolongan persalinan spotan pada klinik Asy Safira dan bunda, dengan
sampel yang digunakan secara total sampling yang di ambil dengan menggunakan teknik
consecutive sampling berdasarkan waktu yang telah ditentukan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sebagian besar posisi tangan penolong
persalinan kala II tidak sesuai dengan APN 21 orang (55,3%). 50% kasus persalinan yang
dilakukan pertolongan persalinan normal terjadi robekan perenium derajat II. Terdapat
pengaruh posisi tangan penolong persalinan kala II terhadap robekan perenium dengan p=
0,020. Penolong persalinan diharapkan terus meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya
dalam melakukan pertolongan persalinan
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Edition
Call Number
ISBN/ISSN 2021-08-31
Subject(s)
Classification
Series Title
GMD Text
Language Indonesia
Publisher
Publishing Year 2021
Publishing Place Pati
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